Merkava Mk.1

Maquette char Merkava Mk.1 |TAKOM|2078| 1:35

Le Merkava (char (à chevaux) en hébreu biblique) est le char de combat principal d’Israël. De conception entièrement locale, il a été développé avec pour principal objectif la protection et la survie de l’équipage. Il est doté d’un blindage espacé, d’un système anti-incendie, et d’une silhouette basse et effilée. À la différence des autres chars de sa génération, le moteur est placé à l’avant, offrant à la fois une protection supplémentaire de face et la possibilité d’évacuer le char par l’arrière. Apparu en 1979 à l’occasion de la première guerre du Liban, il a été fabriqué en Israël, qui en est le seul utilisateur, jusqu’au conflit au Liban mi-2006. Entré en service à partir de 1979, le Mk I participa activement à l’Intervention militaire israélienne au Liban de 1982, où il démontra ses qualités intrinsèques.[réf. nécessaire] Il fut fabriqué jusqu’en 1983, avant de laisser la place au Mk II.

The Merkava (Hebrew: "chariot") is a main battle tank used by the Israel Defense Forces. The tank began development in 1973 and entered official service in 1978. Four main variants of the tank have been deployed. It was first used extensively in the 1982 Lebanon War. The name "Merkava" was derived from the IDF’s initial development program name. Design criteria include rapid repair of battle damage, survivability, cost-effectiveness and off-road performance. Following the model of contemporary self-propelled howitzers, the turret assembly is located closer to the rear than in most main battle tanks. With the engine in front, this layout is intended to grant additional protection against a frontal attack, especially for the personnel in the main hull, such as the driver. It also creates more space in the rear of the tank that allows increased storage capacity and a rear entrance to the main crew compartment allowing easy access under enemy fire. This allows the tank to be used as a platform for medical disembarkation, a forward command and control station, and an infantry fighting vehicle. The rear entrance’s clamshell-style doors provide overhead protection when off- and on-loading cargo and personnel. It was reportedly decided shortly before the beginning of the 2006 Lebanon War that the Merkava line would be discontinued within four years. However, on November 7, 2006, Haaretz reported that an Israeli General staff assessment had ruled of the Merkava Mark IV that "if properly deployed, the tank can provide its crew with better protection than in the past", and deferred the decision on discontinuing the line. On August 16, 2013, Israeli Defense Minister Moshe Ya’alon announced the decision to resume production of the Merkava main battle tank for the IDF Armored Corps.